AfDB institutes fiduciary measures to monitor COVID-19 funds for Nigeria AfDB would maintain dialogue, particularly with the Office of the Auditor-General in Nigeria, to ensure adherence to the transparency and accountability of the funds. Published 1 min ago on June 7, 2020By Abiola Odutola AfDB, Lutoyilex Construct Ltd, fraud The African Development Bank (AfDB) has instituted strong fiduciary measures to monitor the use of $288.5 million and other coronaviruses (COVID-19) funds. This was disclosed in the statement published on the site of the financial institution. AfDB had approved the sum of $288.5 million for Nigeria on Friday to help the nation tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate its impact on people, businesses and strengthen the social protection system. In the statement, the bank explained that it would maintain dialogue, particularly with the Office of the Auditor-General in Nigeria, to ensure adherence to the transparency and accountability of the funds. Why the loan matters: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation and the continent’s largest oil producer, is facing twin crises – a health epidemic caused by COVID-19, and an economic crunch largely occasioned by a global oil price plunge. The loan is the Bank’s initial response to help mitigate the slump in oil prices and its impact on the national economy. About 40.1% of Nigerians live below the poverty line of $1.90 per day and it is feared that the fall in household income during the pandemic will result in wealth deterioration for both the formal and informal sector workers. Senior Director, AfDB, Ebrima Faal, said, “The proposed program will ensure that the fiscal position and the economy are sufficiently supported to weather the COVID-19 shocks, thereby limiting its potential adverse impact on livelihoods and the economy more generally.” GTBank 728 x 90 Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, Nigeria’s economy was projected to grow by 2.9% of GDP in 2020 and further expand by 3.3% in 2021. But with the advent of the pandemic and the slump in crude prices, the economy is expected to shrink by between 4.4% under a conservative baseline scenario, and 7.2% should the pandemic persist to end-2020. Faal added that beyond the country’s immediate economic recovery needs, the Bank and other development partners will dialogue with the government on proposals for medium-term structural reforms to diversify and boost domestic revenues away from the oil sector. RELATED TOPICS:AFDB LOANSCOVID-19 Abiola OdutolaAbiola has spent about 14 years in journalism. His career has covered some top local print media like TELL Magazine, Broad Street Journal, The Point Newspaper. The Bloomberg MEI alumni has interviewed some of the most influential figures of the IMF, G-20 Summit, Pre-G20 Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers, Critical Communication World Conference. The multiple award winner is variously trained in business and markets journalism at Lagos Business School, and Pan-Atlantic University. You may contact him via email - abiola.odutola@nairametrics.com.CLICK TO COMMENT CORONAVIRUSHow to access CBN’s healthcare grant The disbursement under the Scheme shall be made to beneficiaries in tranches subject to approved milestones achieved. Published 10 hours ago on June 7, 2020By Abiola Odutola CBN The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has issued the guidelines to its Healthcare Sector Research and Development Intervention Scheme (HSRDIS). The grant was designed to help strengthen the public healthcare system with innovative financing of research and development (R&D) in new and improved drugs, vaccines and diagnostics of infectious diseases in Nigeria. This was disclosed by CBN via its site in Saturday and seen by Nairametrics. The guideline stated that the HSRDIS is designed to trigger intense national R&D activities to develop a Nigerian vaccine, drugs and herbal medicines against the spread of COVID-19. CBN Releases it’s Healthcare Research and Development Grant Guidelines to help strengthen the public healthcare system. See website…ow.ly/SLxc50A0Njo — Central Bank of Nigeria (@cenbank) June 6, 2020 It stated, “It would also curb any other communicable or non-communicable diseases through the provision of grants to biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies, institutions, researchers, and research institutes. GTBank 728 x 90 The Scheme is intended to boost domestic manufacturing of critical drugs and vaccines to ensure their sustainable domestic supply and reduce the bulk manufacturing costs of the drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines in Nigeria. READ MORE: FG to reduce raw materials import by N3trillion Source of fund According to the apex bank, the Scheme shall be funded from the Developmental Component of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund (MSMEDF). Grant Limit While Research activities would not access more than N50 million, development/Manufacturing activities will access more than N500.0 million. app CBN emphasised that the disbursement under the Scheme shall be made to beneficiaries in tranches subject to approved milestones achieved. READ ALSO: Fidson’s plan to dominate the pharmaceutical space in the next 10 years Timeframe The timeframe given to research activities was not more than two years from the date of release of fund and Development/Manufacturing activities are not more than one (1) year from the date of release of fund. Who is eligible: Candidate vaccines undergoing pre-clinical testing or trials shall not be eligible for consideration under this Scheme. But candidate vaccines undergoing clinical testing or trials shall be eligible for consideration under the Scheme if considered to have high potential to cross the clinical trial stage and prospects of scale by the Body of Experts (BoE). It stated, “In applying for the grant, the applicant shall be required to have conducted pre-clinical testing of the candidate drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines, and obtained certification from relevant health authorities for further research and development. “Special consideration shall be given to candidate drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines with high scientific merit against emerging infections and contribute to the development of the Nigerian vaccine.” Modalities The applicant(s) shall submit its application, with relevant documentation of validation from relevant health authorities, trial results, patent registration details (if any) and development timetable to the Body of Experts (BoE). “The BoE shall evaluate applications and recommend to the CBN. CBN shall review for documentation adequacy and completeness. “Upon approval, the approved grant sum shall be released to the applicant’s account with any PFI of his/her choice. The beneficiary shall submit a periodic progress report on the project to the CBN. “The CBN shall have a proprietary right overall financed R&D outcomes or products. Equally, licensing protocol for the mass manufacturing of developed drugs, phytomedicines and vaccines shall be defined by the BoE in accordance with the World Health Organisation’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP),” it added. CONTINUE READINGCORONAVIRUSCOVID-19 Update in Nigeria On the 6th of June 2020, 389 new confirmed cases and 9 deaths were recorded in Nigeria bringing the total confirmed cases recorded in the country to 12,233. Published 16 hours ago on June 7, 2020By Samuel OyekanmiCOVID-19: FCMB reschedule operations The spread of novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria continues to rise as the latest statistics provided by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control reveal Nigeria now has 12,233 confirmed cases. On the 6th of June 2020, 389 new confirmed cases and 9 deaths were recorded in Nigeria. To date, 12233 cases have been confirmed, 3826 cases have been discharged and 342 deaths have been recorded in 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory having carried out 74,999 tests. COVID-19 Case Updates- 6th June 2020 Total Number of Cases – 12,233 Total Number Discharged – 3,826 Total Deaths – 342 Total Tests Carried out – 74,999 The 389 new cases were reported from 23 states- Lagos (66), FCT (50), Delta (32), Oyo (31), Borno (26), Rivers (24), Edo (23), Ebonyi (23), Anambra(17), Gombe (17), Nasarawa (14), Imo (12), Kano (12), Sokoto (12), Jigawa (8), Ogun (7), Bauchi (5), Kebbi (2), Kaduna (2), Katsina (2), Ondo (2), Abia (1), Niger (1). READ ALSO: COVID-19: Western diplomats warn of disease explosion, poor handling by government GTBank 728 x 90 The latest numbers bring Lagos state total confirmed cases to 5729, followed by Kano (997), Abuja at 912, Katsina, and Edo (387), Oyo (365), Borno (348), Kaduna (337), Ogun (336), Rivers (332), Jigawa (290), Bauchi (286), Gombe (201). Delta State has recorded 148 cases, Sokoto and Kwara (127), Plateau (113), Nasarawa (104), Ebonyi (103), Zamfara (76), Imo (59), Yobe (52), Osun (49), Akwa Ibom (45), Adamawa and Niger (42), Ondo (40), Kebbi (35), Bayelsa and Enugu (30), Anambra (29), Ekiti (25), Taraba (18), Abia (16), Benue (13), while Kogi state has recorded only 3 cases. Lock Down and Curfew In a move to combat the spread of the pandemic disease, President Muhammadu Buhari directed the cessation of all movements in Lagos and the FCT for an initial period of 14 days, which took effect from 11 pm on Monday, 30th March 2020. The movement restriction, which was extended by another two-weeks period, has been partially put on hold with some businesses commencing operations from May 4. On April 27th, 2020, President Muhammadu Buhari declared an overnight curfew from 8 pm to 6 am across the country, as part of new measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19. This comes along with the phased and gradual easing of lockdown measures in FCT, Lagos, and Ogun States, which took effect from Saturday, 2nd May 2020, at 9 am. app READ ALSO: Bill Gates says Trump’s WHO funding suspension is dangerous Show 10 entriesSearch: Date Confirmed case New cases Total deaths New deaths Total recovery Active cases Critical cases June 6, 2020 12233 389 342 9 3826 8065 7 June 5, 2020 11844 328 333 10 3696 7815 7 June 4, 2020 11516 350 323 8 3535 7646 7 June 3, 2020 11166 348 315 1 3329 7522 7 June 2, 2020 10819 241 314 15 3239 7266 7 June 1, 2020 10578 416 299 12 3122 7157 9 May 31, 2020 10162 307 287 14 3007 6868 7 May 30, 2020 9855 553 273 12 2856 6726 7 May 29, 2020 9302 387 261 2 2697 6344 7 May 28, 2020 8915 182 259 5 2592 6064 7 Showing 1 to 10 of 100 entriesPreviousNext CONTINUE READINGCORONAVIRUSLagos to open churches, mosques from June 19, limits gatherings to 40% capacity Religious bodies to open at a maximum of 40% of their capacity and we’ll be working with them as being expected by the Lagos State Safety Commission. Published 3 days ago on June 4, 2020By Abiola Odutola Lagos state governor issues new guidelines for lockdown, consider full reopening of its economy Lagos State government says religious gatherings would be allowed to reopen on June 21, 2020. This was disclosed by the State Governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu on Thursday during a press briefing at Government House, Marina. According to the Governor, mosques are to reopen from June 19 while churches are to begin services from June 21 and only Friday and Sunday services should be held for now, as other regular services, including night vigils, must be put on hold. He said, “There will now be restricted openings of religious houses based on compliance that we have seen and reviewed with the Safety Commission. “From 14 days time, precisely on the 19th of June for our Muslim worshippers and from the 21st of June for our Christian worshippers, we will be allowing all of our religious bodies to open at a maximum of 40% of their capacity and we’ll be working with them as being expected by the Lagos State Safety Commission. “But we know that these places of worship have different sizes but even if your 40% capacity is really so large, you cannot have beyond 500 worshippers at once, and keeping that maximum 40% capacity is really important. GTBank 728 x 90 “We will be encouraging people to have more than one service and ensure that they keep their premises clean, disinfect before another round of worship can take place. “We will also be advising that there should only be mandatory Fridays and Sunday services. All other night vigils and services must be put on hold for now until we review our current situation. Sanwo-Olu added that the state will also be advising that persons below the age of 15 because of how well they walk around should be excused from the places of worship and citizens that are above the age of 65 should not be allowed into these places of worship. CONTINUE READINGADVERTISEMENT Wealth.ng ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT Patricia ADVERTISEMENT devland ADVERTISEMENT financial calculator LATEST TRENDINGAfDB, Lutoyilex Construct Ltd, fraud CORONAVIRUS1 min agoAfDB institutes fiduciary measures to monitor COVID-19 funds for NigeriaGlobal stocks tumble on "corona" sell off, BLOODY WEEKS: Coronavirus cost investors N1 trillion, triggers devaluation fears, Global Market Summary on Tuesday, Analysis: The economy is crashing, avoid falling knives,, Debt crisis looms in emerging markets,Debt crisis looms in emerging markets MARKETS2 hours agoMixed trends trail Nigerian marketsGoogle building its own debit card, Google’s advertising business faces breakup BUSINESS NEWS5 hours agoGoogle’s advertising business faces breakupADVERTISEMENT app ADVERTISEMENT Nairametrics ABOUT US TEAM NAIRAMETRICS CONTACT US CAREERS ANDRIOD APP IOS APP DISCLAIMER PRIVACY POLICY Copyright © 2020 close :)

AfDB institutes fiduciary measures to monitor COVID-19 funds for Nigeria AfDB would maintain dialogue, particularly with the Office of the Auditor-General in Nigeria, to ensure adherence to the transparency and accountability of the funds. Published 1 min ago on June 7, 2020By Abiola Odutola AfDB, Lutoyilex Construct Ltd, fraud The African Development Bank (AfDB) has instituted strong fiduciary measures to monitor the use of $288.5 million and other coronaviruses (COVID-19) funds. This was disclosed in the statement published on the site of the financial institution. AfDB had approved the sum of $288.5 million for Nigeria on Friday to help the nation tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigate its impact on people, businesses and strengthen the social protection system. In the statement, the bank explained that it would maintain dialogue, particularly with the Office of the Auditor-General in Nigeria, to ensure adherence to the transparency and accountability of the funds. Why the loan matters: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation and the continent’s largest oil producer, is facing twin crises – a health epidemic caused by COVID-19, and an economic crunch largely occasioned by a global oil price plunge. The loan is the Bank’s initial response to help mitigate the slump in oil prices and its impact on the national economy. About 40.1% of Nigerians live below the poverty line of $1.90 per day and it is feared that the fall in household income during the pandemic will result in wealth deterioration for both the formal and informal sector workers. Senior Director, AfDB, Ebrima Faal, said, “The proposed program will ensure that the fiscal position and the economy are sufficiently supported to weather the COVID-19 shocks, thereby limiting its potential adverse impact on livelihoods and the economy more generally.” GTBank 728 x 90 Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, Nigeria’s economy was projected to grow by 2.9% of GDP in 2020 and further expand by 3.3% in 2021. But with the advent of the pandemic and the slump in crude prices, the economy is expected to shrink by between 4.4% under a conservative baseline scenario, and 7.2% should the pandemic persist to end-2020. Faal added that beyond the country’s immediate economic recovery needs, the Bank and other development partners will dialogue with the government on proposals for medium-term structural reforms to diversify and boost domestic revenues away from the oil sector. RELATED TOPICS:AFDB LOANSCOVID-19 Abiola OdutolaAbiola has spent about 14 years in journalism. His career has covered some top local print media like TELL Magazine, Broad Street Journal, The Point Newspaper. The Bloomberg MEI alumni has interviewed some of the most influential figures of the IMF, G-20 Summit, Pre-G20 Central Bank Governors and Finance Ministers, Critical Communication World Conference. The multiple award winner is variously trained in business and markets journalism at Lagos Business School, and Pan-Atlantic University. You may contact him via email - abiola.odutola@nairametrics.com.CLICK TO COMMENT CORONAVIRUSHow to access CBN’s healthcare grant The disbursement under the Scheme shall be made to beneficiaries in tranches subject to approved milestones achieved. Published 10 hours ago on June 7, 2020By Abiola Odutola CBN The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has issued the guidelines to its Healthcare Sector Research and Development Intervention Scheme (HSRDIS). The grant was designed to help strengthen the public healthcare system with innovative financing of research and development (R&D) in new and improved drugs, vaccines and diagnostics of infectious diseases in Nigeria. This was disclosed by CBN via its site in Saturday and seen by Nairametrics. The guideline stated that the HSRDIS is designed to trigger intense national R&D activities to develop a Nigerian vaccine, drugs and herbal medicines against the spread of COVID-19. CBN Releases it’s Healthcare Research and Development Grant Guidelines to help strengthen the public healthcare system. See website…ow.ly/SLxc50A0Njo — Central Bank of Nigeria (@cenbank) June 6, 2020 It stated, “It would also curb any other communicable or non-communicable diseases through the provision of grants to biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies, institutions, researchers, and research institutes. GTBank 728 x 90 The Scheme is intended to boost domestic manufacturing of critical drugs and vaccines to ensure their sustainable domestic supply and reduce the bulk manufacturing costs of the drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines in Nigeria. READ MORE: FG to reduce raw materials import by N3trillion Source of fund According to the apex bank, the Scheme shall be funded from the Developmental Component of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund (MSMEDF). Grant Limit While Research activities would not access more than N50 million, development/Manufacturing activities will access more than N500.0 million. app CBN emphasised that the disbursement under the Scheme shall be made to beneficiaries in tranches subject to approved milestones achieved. READ ALSO: Fidson’s plan to dominate the pharmaceutical space in the next 10 years Timeframe The timeframe given to research activities was not more than two years from the date of release of fund and Development/Manufacturing activities are not more than one (1) year from the date of release of fund. Who is eligible: Candidate vaccines undergoing pre-clinical testing or trials shall not be eligible for consideration under this Scheme. But candidate vaccines undergoing clinical testing or trials shall be eligible for consideration under the Scheme if considered to have high potential to cross the clinical trial stage and prospects of scale by the Body of Experts (BoE). It stated, “In applying for the grant, the applicant shall be required to have conducted pre-clinical testing of the candidate drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines, and obtained certification from relevant health authorities for further research and development. “Special consideration shall be given to candidate drugs, herbal medicines and vaccines with high scientific merit against emerging infections and contribute to the development of the Nigerian vaccine.” Modalities The applicant(s) shall submit its application, with relevant documentation of validation from relevant health authorities, trial results, patent registration details (if any) and development timetable to the Body of Experts (BoE). “The BoE shall evaluate applications and recommend to the CBN. CBN shall review for documentation adequacy and completeness. “Upon approval, the approved grant sum shall be released to the applicant’s account with any PFI of his/her choice. The beneficiary shall submit a periodic progress report on the project to the CBN. “The CBN shall have a proprietary right overall financed R&D outcomes or products. Equally, licensing protocol for the mass manufacturing of developed drugs, phytomedicines and vaccines shall be defined by the BoE in accordance with the World Health Organisation’s current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP),” it added. CONTINUE READINGCORONAVIRUSCOVID-19 Update in Nigeria On the 6th of June 2020, 389 new confirmed cases and 9 deaths were recorded in Nigeria bringing the total confirmed cases recorded in the country to 12,233. Published 16 hours ago on June 7, 2020By Samuel OyekanmiCOVID-19: FCMB reschedule operations The spread of novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) in Nigeria continues to rise as the latest statistics provided by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control reveal Nigeria now has 12,233 confirmed cases. On the 6th of June 2020, 389 new confirmed cases and 9 deaths were recorded in Nigeria. To date, 12233 cases have been confirmed, 3826 cases have been discharged and 342 deaths have been recorded in 35 states and the Federal Capital Territory having carried out 74,999 tests. COVID-19 Case Updates- 6th June 2020 Total Number of Cases – 12,233 Total Number Discharged – 3,826 Total Deaths – 342 Total Tests Carried out – 74,999 The 389 new cases were reported from 23 states- Lagos (66), FCT (50), Delta (32), Oyo (31), Borno (26), Rivers (24), Edo (23), Ebonyi (23), Anambra(17), Gombe (17), Nasarawa (14), Imo (12), Kano (12), Sokoto (12), Jigawa (8), Ogun (7), Bauchi (5), Kebbi (2), Kaduna (2), Katsina (2), Ondo (2), Abia (1), Niger (1). READ ALSO: COVID-19: Western diplomats warn of disease explosion, poor handling by government GTBank 728 x 90 The latest numbers bring Lagos state total confirmed cases to 5729, followed by Kano (997), Abuja at 912, Katsina, and Edo (387), Oyo (365), Borno (348), Kaduna (337), Ogun (336), Rivers (332), Jigawa (290), Bauchi (286), Gombe (201). Delta State has recorded 148 cases, Sokoto and Kwara (127), Plateau (113), Nasarawa (104), Ebonyi (103), Zamfara (76), Imo (59), Yobe (52), Osun (49), Akwa Ibom (45), Adamawa and Niger (42), Ondo (40), Kebbi (35), Bayelsa and Enugu (30), Anambra (29), Ekiti (25), Taraba (18), Abia (16), Benue (13), while Kogi state has recorded only 3 cases. Lock Down and Curfew In a move to combat the spread of the pandemic disease, President Muhammadu Buhari directed the cessation of all movements in Lagos and the FCT for an initial period of 14 days, which took effect from 11 pm on Monday, 30th March 2020. The movement restriction, which was extended by another two-weeks period, has been partially put on hold with some businesses commencing operations from May 4. On April 27th, 2020, President Muhammadu Buhari declared an overnight curfew from 8 pm to 6 am across the country, as part of new measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19. This comes along with the phased and gradual easing of lockdown measures in FCT, Lagos, and Ogun States, which took effect from Saturday, 2nd May 2020, at 9 am. app READ ALSO: Bill Gates says Trump’s WHO funding suspension is dangerous Show 10 entriesSearch: Date Confirmed case New cases Total deaths New deaths Total recovery Active cases Critical cases June 6, 2020 12233 389 342 9 3826 8065 7 June 5, 2020 11844 328 333 10 3696 7815 7 June 4, 2020 11516 350 323 8 3535 7646 7 June 3, 2020 11166 348 315 1 3329 7522 7 June 2, 2020 10819 241 314 15 3239 7266 7 June 1, 2020 10578 416 299 12 3122 7157 9 May 31, 2020 10162 307 287 14 3007 6868 7 May 30, 2020 9855 553 273 12 2856 6726 7 May 29, 2020 9302 387 261 2 2697 6344 7 May 28, 2020 8915 182 259 5 2592 6064 7 Showing 1 to 10 of 100 entriesPreviousNext CONTINUE READINGCORONAVIRUSLagos to open churches, mosques from June 19, limits gatherings to 40% capacity Religious bodies to open at a maximum of 40% of their capacity and we’ll be working with them as being expected by the Lagos State Safety Commission. Published 3 days ago on June 4, 2020By Abiola Odutola Lagos state governor issues new guidelines for lockdown, consider full reopening of its economy Lagos State government says religious gatherings would be allowed to reopen on June 21, 2020. This was disclosed by the State Governor, Babajide Sanwo-Olu on Thursday during a press briefing at Government House, Marina. According to the Governor, mosques are to reopen from June 19 while churches are to begin services from June 21 and only Friday and Sunday services should be held for now, as other regular services, including night vigils, must be put on hold. He said, “There will now be restricted openings of religious houses based on compliance that we have seen and reviewed with the Safety Commission. “From 14 days time, precisely on the 19th of June for our Muslim worshippers and from the 21st of June for our Christian worshippers, we will be allowing all of our religious bodies to open at a maximum of 40% of their capacity and we’ll be working with them as being expected by the Lagos State Safety Commission. “But we know that these places of worship have different sizes but even if your 40% capacity is really so large, you cannot have beyond 500 worshippers at once, and keeping that maximum 40% capacity is really important. GTBank 728 x 90 “We will be encouraging people to have more than one service and ensure that they keep their premises clean, disinfect before another round of worship can take place. “We will also be advising that there should only be mandatory Fridays and Sunday services. All other night vigils and services must be put on hold for now until we review our current situation. Sanwo-Olu added that the state will also be advising that persons below the age of 15 because of how well they walk around should be excused from the places of worship and citizens that are above the age of 65 should not be allowed into these places of worship. CONTINUE READINGADVERTISEMENT Wealth.ng ADVERTISEMENT ADVERTISEMENT Patricia ADVERTISEMENT devland ADVERTISEMENT financial calculator LATEST TRENDINGAfDB, Lutoyilex Construct Ltd, fraud CORONAVIRUS1 min agoAfDB institutes fiduciary measures to monitor COVID-19 funds for NigeriaGlobal stocks tumble on "corona" sell off, BLOODY WEEKS: Coronavirus cost investors N1 trillion, triggers devaluation fears, Global Market Summary on Tuesday, Analysis: The economy is crashing, avoid falling knives,, Debt crisis looms in emerging markets,Debt crisis looms in emerging markets MARKETS2 hours agoMixed trends trail Nigerian marketsGoogle building its own debit card, Google’s advertising business faces breakup BUSINESS NEWS5 hours agoGoogle’s advertising business faces breakupADVERTISEMENT app ADVERTISEMENT Nairametrics ABOUT US TEAM NAIRAMETRICS CONTACT US CAREERS ANDRIOD APP IOS APP DISCLAIMER PRIVACY POLICY Copyright © 2020 close :)